From Kinshasa to Kandahar by Michael K. Carroll Greg Donaghy

Author:Michael K. Carroll, Greg Donaghy [Michael K. Carroll, Greg Donaghy]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781552388440
Barnesnoble:
Publisher: University of Calgary Press
Published: 2016-05-06T00:00:00+00:00

Chapter 7

Bosnia:

From Failed State to Functioning State

Duane Bratt

Introduction

The concept of failed states originated with a 1992 article in Foreign Policy by Gerald Helman and Steven Ratner.1 One of the countries that Helman and Ratner explicitly identified as a failed state was Bosnia in the early 1990s. After declaring its independence in April 1992, Bosnia was the scene of the most vicious of the wars in the former Yugoslavia. By the end of the war in late 1995, Bosnia’s population had decreased, through death and migration, from 4.3 million to less than 2 million.2 Moreover, the tactics of the combatants were especially odious. Both sides targeted civilians through city sieges and ethnic cleansing. However, the Bosnian case is not just an example of a failed state; it is also an example of how, with the help of the United Nations (UN) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a failed state can be turned back into a functioning state.

Figure 1: Map. (Credit: Marilyn Croot)

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